“十三五”时期易地扶贫搬迁投融资模式研究

Research on Investment and Financing Modes for Poverty Alleviation Relocation in the 13th Five-year Period

易地扶贫搬迁是将居住在深山、石山、高寒地区、荒漠化地区、地方病多发地区等生态环境脆弱地区以及"一方水土养不活一方人"的生产生活条件极为艰苦地区的贫困农户搬迁出来,安置到条件较好的地区发展致富,从根本上解决长期困扰他们生存问题的工程。作为我国"十三五"时期脱贫攻坚战的一号工程,易地扶贫搬迁是发挥我国政治制度优势在人口减贫领域做出的开创性举措,也是新时期脱贫攻坚战中最难啃的硬骨头。新时期易地扶贫搬迁工程体量大,资金投入多,资金来源渠道广,在中华民族人口迁移史乃至世界文明史上都是前所未有的。本文总结梳理了易地扶贫搬迁的国内外实践情况,分析了"十三五"时期易地扶贫搬迁的投融资机制和信贷资金运作模式特点,梳理了存在的问题,提出了做好易地扶贫搬迁投融资工作的政策建议。

Poverty alleviation relocation(PAR)means to relocate people living in poverty from ecologically vulnerable areas such as remote mountains,rocky mountains,alpine regions,desertification areas,endemic areas,and inhospitable areas where production and life is extremely hard,to areas with suitable conditions for development and poverty reduction.PAR,as the No.1project in the 13thfive-year period,is pioneering work requiring China's political and institutional supports,and is also the most difficult task in this period.Calling for huge amounts of engineering and investment,and multiple sources funds,PAR is unprecedented in the history of Chinese migration and even world civilization.This paper reviews foreign and domestic practices in this regard,analyzes the PAR investment mechanism and the operation mode of credit funds,points out the current problems,and proposes relevant policy suggestions.