考古绘图中剖视图和剖面图的规范画法

Standardized Drawing Methods of Sections and Profiles in Archaeological Drawings

剖视图和剖面图是考古绘图中最为重要的图样表现形式,它贯穿在遗迹和遗物图中,成为考古学研究中不可缺少的研究内容,在考古绘图中广泛运用,因此有必要对各类考古剖视图和剖面图的不同剖法、表现形式、视图配置等内容进行画法上的统一和科学规范。以《田野考古制图》标准为参照,对剖视图和剖面图种类、视图配置、剖面区域的表示法等问题进行解释,界定考古绘图中的剖视图和剖面图。在剖视图和剖面图的视图配置上明确统一使用'第三角画法'制图。在遗迹图原有剖面图的基础上增加'剖视图'。将以往'旋转剖面'的概念改为'移出剖面'和'重合剖面'。规范了剖视图和剖面图的标注方法,还精选了一些剖视图和剖面图在各类遗迹、遗物图中的典型画法,从理论和方法上对剖视图和剖面图进行多角度诠释。

The cutaway view(section)and cutaway outline(pro?le)are the most important graphic expression forms in archaeological drawings;associated with drawings of features and artifacts,they become indispensable research objects widely applied in the archaeological drawings.Therefore,it is necessary to unify and standardize the sectioning methods,demonstrating forms and view arrangements of all types of the sections and pro?les in the archaeological drawings in the terms of descriptive methods.Referring to the standards in the Tianye Kaogu Zhitu(Field Archaeology Mapping and Drawing),this paper elucidates the issues with the types of sections and pro?les,arrangements of the views,depicting methods of the areas being got through by the cutting planes,and provides standardized de?nitions for the sections and pro?les in the archaeological drawings.On the view arrangements of the features and artifacts,this paper clari?es that the uni?ed arrangement method is'third angle projection'.Based on the section of the features,'pro?le'should be added.The concept of the past'revolved section'should be changed into'removed section'and'coincide section'.The captioning and cutting symbol marking of the sections and profiles should be standardized,and the simplified drawing methods of maps and sections of features should be added.Moreover,this paper gives a multi-angled explanation of the principles of the sectioning and pro?ling with drawings of features and artifacts given as examples.