石峁城址外城东门的天文考古学研究

The Archaeoastronomical Study of the East Gate of the Outer Wall of Shimao site

始建于4300年前的石峁城址,是探索中国文明起源的一座里程碑。外城东门是石峁城址中最先系统发掘呈现的重要考古遗址,其城门建筑的形制、朝向,奠基仪式的祭坑布置、人牲使用、祭祀礼仪均有一定的特殊性和神秘性。本文从考古学、天文考古学、古文字学和文献学等学科的角度,通过随机测量、统计及科学计算来初步求证外城东门遗址蕴藏的深刻文化内涵,进而尝试探索石峁人的宇宙观和信仰。

The Shimao walled town that was constructed 4,300 years ago was a milestone in the development and origin of Chinese civilization. The east gate was the most important feature that has been systematically excavated during the first stage of the project. The layout and orientation of the gateway, patterns of sacrificial pits that were associated with the construction process, the using of human sacrifice victims, and sacrificial rituals collectively illustrate the characteristics and mysterious nature that has not been known before. This study attempts to combine archaeological, archaeoastronomical,palaeographic, and textual analytical approaches to shed new light on the function and design of the east gate. Through random measuring, statistical analysis, and scientific calculation and measurements, the authors explore the deep and significant cultural meaning of the east gate, as well as the cosmological concepts and belief among Shimao people.