宫颈癌早期筛查及其临床防治的研究进展与展望

Research Advances in Early Screening and Clinical Prevention and Treatment of Cervical Cancer and Its Prospects

宫颈癌是女性人群最常见的肿瘤之一,在女性肿瘤发病率中仅次乳腺癌,近年来宫颈癌的发病呈现年轻化的趋势,不仅对女性的心理造成了严重影响,而且威胁着女性的生命。宫颈癌发病的因素有高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)、性伴侣过多、性生活过早(<16岁)以及诸如营养卫生条件、吸烟、受教育程度、经济状况和所处卫生服务资源的多寡等因素也在宫颈癌的发病中起到一定的协同作用。在我国,宫颈癌在各女性人群之中发病率各不相同,一般认为宫颈癌在农村人群中发病率高于城市,山区高于平原,40~50岁间的发病率在各年龄段为最高,HR-HPV持续感染是妇女宫颈癌发病的主要因素。综述和分析近年来早期筛查HR-HPV导致宫颈癌的相关研究资料,旨在为宫颈癌的预防和治疗提供策略和方法。

Cervical cancer is one of the most common tumors in women.Its incident rate is only next to breast cancer in women.In recent years,the incidence age of cervical cancer has become younger,which not only has a serious impact on women’s psychology,but also threatens the life of woman.The incidence of cervical cancer is high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV);excessive sexual partners and premature sexual life(<16 years old),nutritional and health conditions,smoking,education level,economic status and the number of health service resources are also playing a synergistic role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.In China,cervical cancer has different incidence rates among different populations.It is generally believed that the rural incidence rate of cervical cancer is higher than that of urban areas,and the mountainous areas are higher than the plains.The incidence of women aged were between 40 and 50 in the highest of all age groups.Sustained infection of HR-HPV is a major factor in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in women.So this article reviews recent studies on the early screening of cervical cancer by HR-HPV,aiming to provide strategies and methods for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.