批判性思维视野下医学史教育的两个视域及其课程实现

Two Visions of Medical History Education and Its Curriculum Implementation from the Perspective of Critical Thinking

批判性思维是全球医学教育改革强调医学卫生人才应具有的核心能力之一。医学史教育是培养批判性思维重要的途径和方式,其存在两个相互联系又相互区别的视域:医学科技史与医学社会史。辩证处理两者关系对培养医学生批判性思维至关重要。当前我国医学院校普遍开设的"医学史"课程偏重医学科技史,注重医学科学及医疗技术的发展变化。但科技发明并非产生于"社会真空",其总要受到当时医疗制度、医学思想、医疗习俗乃至整个时代社会环境等因素的影响。这些"医学社会史"的内容在当前我国医学院校受到较为普遍的轻视甚至忽视,课程规划亟待落实,这是培养医学生批判性思维的必要途径。

Critical thinking is one of the core competencies of medical and health professionals in the global medical education reform.Medical history education is an important way and way to train critical thinking.There are two interrelated and different perspectives:the history of medical science and technology and the history of medical society.Dialectical treatment of the relationship between the two is very important to cultivate medical students'critical thinking.Currently,the course of"medical history"in medical colleges and universities in China lays particular stress on the history of medical science and technology,and pays attention to the development and changes of medical science and technology.However,scientific and technological inventions are not produced in the"social vacuum",and they are always affected by the medical system,medical thought,medical customs and even the social environment of the whole time.The contents of these"medical social history"are generally ignored or ignored in the medical colleges and universities of our country at present.The curriculum planning needs to be implemented urgently.This is a necessary way to train the critical thinking of medical students.