《论语》中“勇”字解析

Analysis of the Word "Brave" in "The Analects"

"勇"字在《论语》中一共出现了16次。根据《论语》的含义,勇主要可以分为三类:一是从积极意义上论述勇,与儒家推崇的"仁"、"义"、"礼"相关;二是,好勇。从消极意义揭示"勇"的含义,表明"勇"与"利"和"智"的关系;三是君子之勇,孔子所追求的"勇"。本文旨在通过南朝皇侃、宋朝朱熹、民国后期杨树达、现代钱穆等人的论语释义,揭示其内在的意义。

The word 'brave' has appeared 16 times in 'The Analects'. According to the meaning of it, bravery can be divided into three categories: First, it discusses bravery in a positive sense, it’s related to the 'benevolence', 'Justice' and 'ritual' advocated by Confucianism;secondly, it is too brave. Revealing the meaning of courage from the negative meaning, showing the role of courage and profit and sense;the third is the courage of the gentleman, the 'brave' pursued by Confucius. The purpose of this paper is to reveal its intrinsic meaning through the interpretation of the Analects of the Southern Dynasties, the Song Dynasty Zhu Xi, the late Republic of China Yang Shuda, and Modern Qian Mu.