素养导向的数学试卷综合难度比较研究——以2018年高考全国卷Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷为例

A Comparative Study on the Comprehensive Difficulty of Mathematics Test Papers Oriented by Literacy——Take the National College Entrance Examination Volumes Ⅰ and Ⅱ in 2018 as an Example

新的课程标准提出数学科核心素养包括六个方面:逻辑推理、数学抽象、直观想象、数学建模、数据分析、数学运算。以2018年高考理科数学试题卷Ⅰ、Ⅱ为例,在核心素养导向下探究高考数学综合难度比较研究。结合核心素养,对综合难度模型进行改进,分析在背景因素、认知水平、运算水平、推理能力、知识含量和数据分析的不同水平上得出一些初步结论,最后通过计算综合难度模型难度系数。得出结论,2018年高考理科数学试题全国卷Ⅰ比全国卷Ⅱ难度略高。

The new curriculum standard puts forward that the core literacy of mathematics includes six aspects:logical reasoning,mathematical abstraction,intuitive imagination,mathematical modeling,data analysis and mathematical operation.Taking the science mathematics examination papersⅠandⅡof the college entrance examination in 2018 as examples,this paper explores the comparative study of the comprehensive difficulty of mathematics in the college entrance examination under the guidance of core literacy.Combining with core literacy,this paper improves the comprehensive difficulty model,and draws some preliminary conclusions at different levels of background factors,cognitive level,operation level,reasoning ability,knowledge content and data analysis.Finally,the difficulty coefficient of the comprehensive difficulty model is calculated.It is concluded that in 2018,the national paper I of science mathematics is slightly more difficult than the national paperⅡ.