开放创新背景下清洁技术领域专利开放许可问题研究

Open Patenting Program in Clean Technology under Open Innovation

随着技术分工越来越细,传统的封闭式创新模式将逐渐被开放创新模式所取代。尽管清洁技术产业内的竞争格局尚未形成,但技术发展的复杂化和专业化程度已经越来越高,"专利丛林"相继出现,专利开放许可成为促进清洁技术创新的动力之一。论文在阐释清洁技术专利开放许可必要性的基础上,比较清洁技术领域主要开放专利许可实践的运行模式及效果。结果发现:必须要兼顾专利开放许可标准化和专利权人利益,才能更好地利用开放专利许可来促进清洁技术的发展。我国应尽快建立类似的清洁技术专利开放许可项目或平台,并采用标准必要条款以及可供专利权人选择的灵活性条款相结合的方式来制定标准许可合同,完善专利进入项目的甄选机制和构建项目参与人的诚信体系是开放专利许可项目运营的关键。

With the specialization of technologies, open innovation will become the major innovation model replacing the traditional close one. Although competition pattern has not yet formed, patent thickets have already appeared in this complex technical field.Open patenting programs become one of the driving forces to promote the innovation and development of clean technology. We analyze the necessity of open patenting in clean technology at first. After comparing the main two open patenting experiences in clean technology, we conclude that open patenting program must give considerations to uniformizing the terms and conditions of the licenses as well as the degree of patentee to control of their patents. We propose it is possible to try some open patenting initiatives in China and we should adopt a license contract that combines a uniformizing the terms and conditions with the option of some license conditions to the will of patentees and the needs of specific sectors. Furthermore, establishing a good mechanism to admit the patents capable of achieving environmentally beneficial results and constructing the integrity system of the participants are two keys to success of open patenting program.