论个人信息权的法律属性及立法保护思考

On the Analysis of Legal Attributes for Personal Information and Legislative Thinking

互联网及大数据产业的发展,促进了个人信息的利用,在人们接受便利服务的同时也失去了隐私的保护,每个人都成了"信息的裸体人",面对商家滥用其个人信息,作为单个消费者无论是主张精神权利还是财产权利都力不从心,而对商家加工处理之后形成的个人信息数据库的应用更是无从主张权利。本文从传统隐私权的人格属性加以分析,审视个人信息权的人身权属性,探讨个人信息与个人信息数据库在法律保护上区别关系,进而对个人信息保护立法提出作者的思考:个人信息的主体为自然人,本质属性为人格权,其所体现的财产价值依附于人格属性之下,保护人格权是第一位的,财产权是第二位的;个人信息数据库的主体是商家,其以财产权属性为主导,无论是政府、社会组织还是商人在将个人信息去识别化后即让这一数据库转变为具有财产属性的数据财富,在遵循个人信息保护规范之后,法律应当鼓励数据库的市场化运行。基于此,在立法上就要区别个人信息和个人信息数据库的不同保护对象以及不同的权利义务设计。

With development of the Internet and big data industry, it is becoming more and more serious that the personal information be extensive collected, processed and circulated. In the information era, everyone has become 'transparent man'. Facing the abuse of personal information controlled the companies, it is very difficult as a single consumer claiming either the moral rights or property rights. Considering the big data industry, the legislator should faces the tow selection: to encourage industrial development ignoring the protection of personal rights or to strengthen the protection of personal rights restricting industrial development? From the history of privacy protection and extending the protection of personal information, this paper will give some analysis and discussion on the legal attributes of personal information rights, the property relationship between the personal information based on single individual and the database based on massive personal information made by companies.The author opinions: The subject of personal information is a natural person.It should be based on the protection of moral rights.The subject of database of personal information is the company, it should be given to property rights. Considering the trend which cannot be halted for big data industry, the legislator should encourage the application of database in the standard personal moral rights case.So it is necessary to distinguish the different protection between single individual information and the massive information and the rights and obligations in the different objects.