制造业产业集聚如何影响生态环境——基于绿色技术创新与外商直接投资的双中介模型

How does Industrial Agglomeration of Manufacturing Industry Affect Ecological Environment? ——Research on Dual Mediation Model Based on Green Technology Innovation and Foreign Direct Investment

以产业集聚外部性效应为视角,利用2010-2016年天津市南港工业园、逸仙科学工业园、现代产业园与微电子工业园4个制造业产业园区面板数据,实证分析产业集聚与生态环境的双重效应关系,揭示其内在作用机制。结果表明:制造业产业集聚对生态环境存在正负两种外部性效应,具体作用取决于绿色技术创新与外商直接投资两个中介变量。当产业集聚水平较低时,绿色技术创新在制造业产业集聚对生态环境的影响关系中作用不明显。外商直接投资在制造业产业集聚与生态环境关系中起中介作用,即制造业产业集聚会加大外商直接投资规模,对生态环境产生消极影响;当产业集聚水平较高时,绿色技术创新在制造业产业集聚与生态环境的关系中起中介作用,即制造业产业集聚提高了绿色技术创新水平,对生态环境具有积极影响。外商直接投资在制造业产业集聚与生态环境关系中的作用不显著。

From the perspective of industrial agglomeration external effects, panel data of four industrial parks including Tianjin Nangang Industrial Zone, Yixian Science and Industry Park, Modern Industrial Park and Microelectronics Industrial Zone from 2010 to 2016 are collected, and an empirical analysis is conducted to analyze the dual effect relation between industrial agglomeration and ecological environment and reveal internal function mechanism. Results show that industrial agglomeration of manufacturing industry will have both positive and negative external effects on ecological environment, whose functional mechanism depends on two intermediary variables of green technology innovation and foreign direct investment. When the level of industrial agglomeration is low, the mediator variable green technology innovation in the influence of manufacturing agglomeration on ecological environment is not obvious, while foreign direct investment plays an intermediary role in the influence of manufacturing agglomeration on the ecological environment. That is to say, industrial agglomeration of manufacturing industry will enlarge the scale of foreign direct investment, thus imposing negative impacts on the ecological environment. On the contrary, when the level of industrial agglomeration is high, green technology innovation plays an intermediary role in the influence of manufacturing industrial agglomeration on the ecological environment. Namely, industrial agglomeration of manufacturing industry will accelerate green technology innovation, which has positive impacts on the ecological environment. However, as the mediator variable, the effect of foreign direct investment on the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration and ecological environment is not significant.