高启元末明初之心态与文学思想

Gao Qi's Mindset and Literary Thought between the End of the Yuan Dynasty and the Early Stage of the Ming Dynasty

元末明初时期,政治风云变幻,其时士人阶层中的许多人都抱着"旁观者心态"来对待动荡的时局。对于高启而言,拥有此种心态虽然与政治与时局环境相关,而更主要的还是因其孤傲清高、淡泊自守的个性所致。然而,时代变迁带来的历史沧桑感却使其并不能超然于世外。此一时期高启的文学思想具体表现为复古与专意为诗,在复古上他主张辨体、情真、趣妙,兼师诸家之长而为己所用,而他专意为诗的创作主张则与其超然自得、追求性灵的个性相合。高启将两者应用于自己的诗歌创作中,取得了非常高的成就,被后世诗论家推尊为明代诗人第一。

The political situation was volatile between the End of the Yuan Dynasty and the Early Stage of the Ming Dynasty,and many intellectuals treat this situation with the attitude of'bystander'. Although political and current situation made Gao Qi choose this attitude,his individuality——pride,aloofness and stoicism——was the main reason. However,Gao Qi could not detach the reality because of the vicissitudes of the history. Restoring the model of classical poetry and writing poems with an attentive attitude were Gao Qi's literary thoughts in this period. On the former,he advocated that poets should identify the types of poetry,express their true feelings,give more fun to poems,and study the literary works of the former writers. On the latter,his attentive attitude in writing poems was consistent to his aloof and romantic personality. Gao Qi applied his literary thoughts in the creation of poetry and achieved great success,so many later literary theorists adhered to the view that Gao Qi was the best poet in Ming Dynasty.