恩格斯社会合力理论新解——基于自组织理论的角度

New Interpretation of Engels' Social Cohesion Theory——Base on Self-organization Theory

恩格斯晚年在给约瑟夫·布洛赫的书信中,用合力理论来解释社会中个人对历史发展所做的贡献,建立的是一个机械力学合力理论模型。但是合力理论是19世纪物理学中一个理论,当时的物理学是建立在机械唯物主义还原论的基础上的,用合力理论来解释内涵丰富的唯物史观,用简单性科学解释复杂的社会系统,对后人造成了严重的误解。这些误解表现为在社会历史的发展中看不到单个人的作用,特别是人民群众在历史中的地位,"社会无主体"论泛滥。社会有机体是一个系统,可以利用系统理论的自组织原理来重新阐释合力理论,以还原历史唯物主义真面貌。通过这一阐释,启发人们在继承和发展马克思主义的过程中,要用当代的语言和时代精神赋予马克思主义新的内容。

Engels wrote the letter to Bloch Joseph in his later years to explain individual contribution to the development of the history in the society,establishing the resultant force theoretical model. But it was a theory of physics in the 19 th century,at that time the physics was built on the basis of mechanical materialism reductionism,using the resultant theory to explain the connotation of historical materialism and using simplicity science explain complex social system was the reasons of serious misunderstanding. These misunderstanding overlooked the single person's role in the development of social history,especially the people's function in the social history,and the theory of society without the subjective prevailed. Social organism is a system that can be interpreted by self-organizing principle of system theory in order to reveal the true face of historical materialism. By doing this,it can inspire us to use contemporary languages and spirits in inheriting and developing Marxism.