试析乔叟视阈中的医德困境

An Analysis of the Dilemma in Doctor's Morality from the View of Chaucer

乔叟在《坎特伯雷故事》"总引"中对"医生"这一形象进行了生动描述。他用文学的形式将西欧中世纪晚期的医德状况描摹下来。透过"文史互证"的分析路径可以发现,乔叟不仅关注到了医生世俗化这一历史进程,而且对医生逐利化这一历史现象进行了尖锐讽刺。乔叟视域中的医德困境就在于医生世俗化是医术提升的前提,而世俗化的医生又走向了逐利化,没有信仰与医德支撑的医术最终演化为一种工具理性。

Chaucer made a colorful description of doctor in the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales. From his literary description,we can know the situation of doctor's morality in the late Middle Ages of the Western Europe. Using the approach of'the mutual reflection of literature and history',a conclusion can be made that Chaucer not only paid attention to the secularization of the doctor,but also criticized his benefit-oriented tendency severely. The dilemma in doctor's morality from the view of Chaucer was that secularization of the doctor was foundation of improvement in medicine,however,after the secularization,the doctor became benefit-oriented. For the doctor,therefore,lacking of belief and morality,the medicine became a kind of instrumental rationality ultimately.