小型建筑火灾中人群智能疏散引导模拟研究

Simulation of Crowd Intelligent Evacuation in Small Building Fire

城市化进程快速推进过程中出现大量建筑群体,建筑中突发事件,尤其是火灾成为威胁社会安全的热点问题,文中以小型建筑为环境背景,提出基于元胞自动机理论的自适应蚁群改进疏散方案对火灾中人群进行智能疏散引导。以元胞自动机理论为基础建构动态疏散区域,利用人员每个单元相互作用,根据随机过程或实际情况确定人员位于单元格中,通过冲突检测判定多个人进入单元格顺序;依据网格状态及邻域内网格状态,人群将选择引力概率大的网格作为目标网格,即疏散出口。综合考虑人群疏散特点,提出构建自适应蚁群思想的疏散引导模型,根据火灾环境下人员动态活动指数及疏散通道通过难易程度,自适应控制路径选择策略及信息素更新规则,进而实现人群智能疏散引导过程。实验证明,运用文中疏散方案可提升建筑火灾中人群疏散效率。

The process of rapid development of the city in the process of the emergence of a large number of buildings,building fire emergencies especially become a hot issue of threat to social security,the small building for environmental background in this paper. The proposed adaptive ant colony based on cellular automaton evacuation scheme improved intelligent evacuation guidance on fire in the crowd. The cellular automaton is based on the theory of dynamic construction of evacuation zone by using the interaction of each unit personnel,according to the stochastic process and the actual situation to determine the personnel in the cell,through the determination into multiple people into the cell sequence; the basis of grid state and neighborhood grid state population will choose the probability of large grid gravity as the target grid,namely evacuation export. Considering the characteristics of evacuation crowd,proposed evacuation guide model adaptive ant colony theory,according to the fire environment dynamic activity index and evacuation channel through the degree of difficulty,adaptive control path selection strategy and the pheromone updating rule,and then realize the crowd intelligent evacuation guidance process. The experiment shows that the method in this paper can improve the efficiency of evacuation in building fire.