大气湿沉降汞的研究进展

Progress in Research on Wet Deposition of Mercury

由于特殊的物理化学性质,汞具有极强的挥发性,是自然界唯一能以气相形式(Hg^0)存在的金属元素,其较强的挥发性使之能够参与全球尺度传输。工业革命以来,人类活动大量释放的汞对全球环境造成危害及对生态安全存在潜在的风险。从已有汞的生物化学模型不难看出,大气汞在全球汞的生物化学地球循环中扮演着极其重要的角色。大气湿沉降是去除大气中的可溶性物质的重要途径,也是大气汞进入地表生态系统的主要途径。目前大气湿沉降汞研究大多集中在全球人类活动强烈地区且缺乏对不同形态汞的分析和研究。本文对大气汞的来源、迁移转化、沉降和时空分布进行了介绍,重点阐述了大气湿沉降汞的时空分布和模型模拟,最后针对该领域目前研究上的空白和热点进行了展望。

Due to the special physical and chemical properties, mercury(Hg^0)is the only natural metal can exist in the form of gas with a strong volatility. Its strong volatility makes it possible to participate in global scale transmission. Since the industrial revolution,human activities have released a large amount of mercury to the global environment and caused the potential risks to ecological security. From the existing mercury biochemical model, it is not difficult to find that atmospheric mercury plays an important role in the global biochemical global circulation of mercury. Wet deposition is an important way to remove soluble matter in the atmosphere and also is the main route for atmospheric mercury to enter the surface ecosystem. At present,most of the studies of wet deposition of mercury are focus on the human activity strongly areas and lack of analyzing and research on different forms of mercury. In this study, atmospheric mercury’s sources, migration and transformation, sedimentation and temporal and spatial distribution are introduced,mainly discuss the temporal and spatial distribution and model simulation of wet deposition of mercury. Finally, look into the fulture of the blank and hotspot on the field of current research.