生态园林景观设计对大气颗粒物浓度变化的影响分析

Influence of Ecological Landscape Design on the Variation of Atmospheric Particulate Concentration

针对城市生态系统中,大气颗粒物浓度污染严重,城市空气受到严重影响,城市园林不能充分发挥其作用,为了能让城市园林植物能充分吸收大气颗粒物,净化城市空气发挥主要作用,本文以天津市生态园林景观为研究背景,分析生态园林景观设计对大气颗粒物浓度变化的影响分析。以天津市中常见园林植物种类为研究目标,具体为常绿阔叶类植物、常绿针叶类植物、落叶阔叶类植物3类植物,运用空气气溶胶再发生器检测上述3种植物吸附滞留大气中颗粒物的总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、PM10及PM2.5等颗粒物含量。实验结果显示:不同种类园林植物单位面积吸附滞留颗粒物能力不同,其中对总悬浮颗粒物吸附量最高植物为常绿针叶类植物,吸附量分别为15.41μg·cm-2,吸附量最低为常绿阔叶类植物(3.19μg·cm-2);对PM10吸附量高及最低植物种类是落叶阔叶类植物及常绿阔叶类植物,吸附量分别是(1.561μg·cm-2)、(0.289μg·cm-2);PM2.5吸附能力最强的植物为常绿针叶类植物(0.944μg·cm-2)。三类园林植物在不同月份对大气颗粒物吸附量存在差异,三类园林植物叶片层次对滞留颗粒物也存在影响,为生态园林选择植物种类提供最优方案。

For urban ecosystems, the concentration of atmospheric particulates is seriously polluted, and urban air is seriously affected. Urban gardens cannot fully exert their functions. In order to enable urban garden plants to fully absorb atmospheric particulates and purify urban air, the urban air plays a major role. This article uses the ecology of Tianjin City. Garden landscape is the research background, and the analysis of the influence of ecological garden landscape design on the change of atmospheric particulate matter concentration is analyzed. Taking the species of common garden plants in Tianjin as the research object, specifically the three types of plants: evergreen broad-leaved plants, evergreen conifer plants, and deciduous broad-leaf plants. The adsorption of these three plants was detected by air aerosol regenerator. The particle content of total suspended particulates(TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 that are retained in the atmosphere. The experimental results show that different types of garden plants have different capacities for adsorption of retained particulates per unit area. Among them, the highest adsorption capacity for total suspended particulates is evergreen coniferous plants with an adsorption capacity of 15.41 μg·cm-2 and the lowest adsorption amount is evergreen. Broad-leaved plants(3.19 μg·cm-2); high adsorption capacity for PM10 and lowest plant species are deciduous broad-leaved plants and evergreen broad-leaved plants with an adsorption capacity of(1.561 μg·cm-2),(0.289 μg·cm-2); The plant with the strongest adsorption capacity of PM2.5 was the evergreen conifer plant(0.944 μg·cm-2). There are differences in the amount of atmospheric particulate matter adsorbed by the three types of garden plants in different months, and the level of the three types of garden plants also influences the retained particulate matter, providing the optimal solution for the selection of plant species in ecological gardens.