基于分形理论的喀斯特地区土地利用结构研究——以贵州省平坝区为例

Study on Land Use Structure in Karst Area Based on Fractal Theory: Taking Pingba District,Guizhou Province as An Example

由于特殊的地貌和生态环境,喀斯特地区经济社会发展深受当地自然条件影响。将国家级重点开发区黔中经济区贵安新区中心的平坝区选为研究对象,以RS和GIS手段为支持,通过斑块类型水平和景观水平,运用分形理论为依据对喀斯特地区土地利用结构的复杂性与稳定性进行定量分析,以期为喀斯特地区重点开发区域土地资源利用提供科学性的建议。结果表明,2015年平坝区土地利用类型以有林地为主,整体SHEI为1.805,SHDI为0.6668,CONTAG为61.0864%;土地利用类型分布具有分形结构,各土地利用类型D_1为1.0084～1.2287,平均D_1为1.0692;根据D_1对各土地利用类型复杂性排序:河流水面>城镇住宅用地>湖泊水面>其他林地>水田>工矿仓储用地>内陆滩涂>有林地>灌木林地>旱地>天然牧草地>水库水面>农村宅基地>裸地>其他草地>园地;SI在0.2713～0.4916之间,总体稳定性较好。

Because of the special landform and ecological environment,the economic and social development in Karst area have been impacted profoundly by the local natural conditions.We selected the Pingba district as the study area which is the central part of Gui’an newly developed area of central Guizhou economic zone in the national key development zone of the main functional economic zone.Considering the actual situation,the terrain is complex and high degree of surface fragmentation,The level of patch type and landscape combined with fractal theory that were used to quantitative analysis the complexity and stability of the land use structure in Karst area which was supported by RS and GIS.In order to provide scientific advice for land resources utilization in key development areas of Karst area.The result showed that,the main land use type of Pingba district was forested land,the overall SHEI value was 1.805,SHDI value was 0.6668,CONTAG value was 61.0864%in 2015.The land use type distribution had fractal structure,and the D1 value range of all land use types was 1.0084~1.2287,the average D1 value was 1.0692.Based on D1 the complexity ranking of land use types was river water surface>urban residential land>lake water surface>other forest land>paddy field>Industrial and mining storage land>inland Beach>forest land>shrub land>dry land>Natural Grassland>reservoir surface>rural residential land>bare land>other grassland>garden land.And the value range of SI was 0.2713~0.4916,the overall stability was well.