竞争模型框架下的语言迁移——理论与实证

A Competition Model Approach to Language Transfer:Theoretical Points and Empirical Studies

竞争模型作为重要的语言学习理论,其发展包括经典竞争模型和统一竞争模型两个阶段。它们都对语言迁移提出了一系列理论观点,并引发了不少实证研究,但国内对此知之甚少。本文全面介绍了两个阶段的竞争模型对语言迁移的理论观点,系统梳理了相关的实证研究,并指出了今后研究的发展方向。与经典模型相比,统一竞争模型的理论观点更加全面系统,相关实证研究的范围更广,从单一的句子理解扩展到语言的各层面以及文化因素等;在研究方法上,涉及的受试趋于多样化,不仅丰富了离线手段,而且推广运用了ERP等在线手段。但目前研究在内容和方法上仍存在一些不足,需要努力克服。

As an important theory for language learning,competition model has developed from the classic version to the unified competition model.Both of them proposed some theoretical points on language transfer,stimulating some empirical studies.These achievements,however,remain largely unknown to SLA field in China.In order to fill in this gap,this paper reviews the theoretical points and empirical studies in the two phases of comp etitionmodel with a special focus on language transfer,and finally points out new directions for future research.Compared with the classic version,the united competition model provided more systematic accounts of language transfer in a broader scope.Similarly,the empirical studies within the newer model surpassed those in the classic version.To be specific,they investigated more arenas and cultural factors in diverse L2 learners through a combination of off-line and online methods.But critically speaking,these studies are not flawless in terms of content and methodology,thus calling for further improvements in future research.