翻译汉语中的名词化特征:一项基于语料库的实证研究

Nominalization Features in Translated Chinese:A Corpus-based Study

相比原创汉语来说,翻译汉语具有特定的语言特征。本文关注翻译汉语中的名词化使用特征。一个非名词性成分用作名词,就是一种名词化。具体来说,名词化指从其他某个词类形成名词的过程,或指从一个底层小句得出一个名词短语的派生过程。不同的语言有不同的名词化途径,涉及形态、句法、语义及语用等。现代汉语中的名词化主要途径之一,就是在动词、动词词组、小句、句子等添加名词化标记'的',其他方式还有增加'之''者''所'等。本研究采用汉语可比语料库(LCMC、ZCTC),以及英汉平行语料库Babel,探讨翻译汉语中的名词化使用特征。统计数据发现,翻译汉语语料库中的名词化标记使用频率远远高于汉语母语语料库中名词化使用频率。相比汉语母语来说,翻译汉语呈现出一种名词化多用趋势,在一定范围内表达更为具体,这在很大程度上受翻译过程的影响。

This research focuses on the nominalization features in translated Chinese which are different from the features presented in the native Chinese.“Nominalization”means in essence turning something into a noun.It refers to the process of forming a noun from some other wordclass or the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause.Different languages adopt different methods for nominalization,such as morphology,syntax,semantics and pragmatics.In modern Chinese,the main nominalization method involves adding“de”(的)after a verb,a verb phrase,a sentence,or a portion of a sentence including the verb/verb phrase(VP),so the“VP”can be nominalized as“VP+DE”(VP的),and adding“zhi”(之),“zhe”(者)and“suo”(所),etc.The research adopts comparable corpora(LCMC&ZCTC)and parallel corpus(Babel),and presents the different frequencies of nominalization markers(NMs)in translated and native Chinese.The evidence suggests a significantly greater frequency of NMs being used in translated Chinese,which has the effect of making the translated texts more explicit lexically.It also investigates the influence of language contact and in particular,translation for the increasing of NMs in translated Chinese.