中国大陆刑事审判语境下法庭口译中概括口译现象研究

A Primary Study on Summary Interpreting in Criminal Trials in Chinese Mainland

因为概括口译在准确性方面的天然缺陷,所以长期以来一直被认为不适宜在法庭口译中运用。但是本文认为对概括口译进行简单化规定性判断并不妥当。本研究通过民族志研究途径搜集到大量中国大陆刑事庭审语境下的法庭口译语料,通过对这些语料中的概括口译现象进行深入分析和比较,将概括口译的现象区分为三种不同类别:主动概括、被动概括和惯性概括。这是本文原创性的贡献,特别是'被动概括口译'概念的提出和描述,揭示了此种现象的产生并非缘于口译员能力不足或不负责任,而是口译员对语境中制度性因素被动顺应的结果。

Summary interpreting has long been prescriptively labeled as an inappropriate practice in the courtroom setting for its inaccurate nature.However,this study,rejecting the one-sided ban,argues for differentiated attitudes towards summary interpreting.Based on detailed analysis of authentic bilingual criminal trial discourses collected through the ethnographic approach,this study classifies summary interpreting into active summary,passive summary and habitual summary.Through close observation,this study finds that not all types of summary interpreting are the result of the interpreter’s incompetence or irresponsibility.Passive summary interpreting,in particular,is rather a result of the interpreter’s passive adaptation to the institutional constraints in the courtroom context.Interpreters should refrain themselves from active summary and habitual summary.But it would be unfair to throw all the blame on the interpreter for making passive summary.