赤泥中有价金属的回收现状与展望

Present Situation and Prospect of Recovery of Valuable Metals from Red Mud

赤泥是碱性大宗工业固体废物,其处置方式带来了一系列环境污染问题和安全隐患,赤泥有价金属回收是解决赤泥污染问题、安全隐患和实现赤泥减量化、资源化、无害化的重要方法.本文介绍了赤泥的物理化学特性和主要可回收的有价金属,综述了国内外近年来赤泥中有价金属(Fe、Al、Ti、Ga、V、稀土金属)回收的研究进展,并对赤泥回收有价金属过程中使用的主要工艺、操作参数、回收率等进行了比较.赤泥有价金属回收虽然基础研究众多,但存在成本较高及工业化程度低的问题.指出了赤泥有价金属回收工业化程度低的主要原因,并对今后赤泥有价金属回收急需解决的关键问题和发展方向提出了建议,其中"有价金属回收-赤泥脱碱-大宗固废应用"一体化技术将成为赤泥综合利用的下一个研究热点.

Red mud is a kind of largely produced alkaline industrial solid waste.Its disposal methods cause a series of environmental pollution problems and potential risks.Recovery of valuable metals from red mud is one of important method to solve the problems of red mud pollution,eliminate its security risks and realize the reduction,recycling,and harmlessness of red mud.This paper introduced the physical and chemical properties of red mud and the main recyclable valuable metals in red mud.It also reviewed the recent progress of recovery of valuable metals(Fe,Al,Ti,Ga,V,rare earth metals)from red mud at home and abroad,and the main technology processes,conditions and recovery rates of recovering valuable metals from red mud were compared.Although there are numerous research results in the recovery of valuable metals from red mud,there are problems of high cost and low degree of industrialization.The reasons for the low degree of industrialization of the recovery of valuable metals from red mud were concluded.Suggestions were put forward about the key problems which need to be solved urgently and the development direction of recovery of valuable metals from red mud for the future.Finally it is considered that the integration technology of'Recovery of valuable metals-Dealkalization of red mud-Large-scale application of solid waste'is likely to be an important research focus in the future.