少数民族文化传承中的版权立法保护研究

On the Protection of Copyright Legislation in the Heritage of Ethnic Cultures

我国少数民族文化传承的版权保护始终是法学界研究的难题。国家虽倾向单独立法,且多年前已拟定草案公开征询意见,但困于少数民族文化的复杂性,争议不断。从版权现行相关法案出发,通过对云南省丽江市少数民族文化传承现状的剖析,结合丽江民族文化旅游实际,从操作层面提出"使用登记"与"权属登记"分离的商业性使用版权保护机制,对版权保护基础、保护原则、保护范围、主(客)体确权、授权许可等关键机制进行了设计,利用市场经济手段为习俗范围内的非遗保护补充可持续反哺渠道,使少数民族文化保护更有效率,传承更纯真。

The copyright protection of the cultural inheritance of China’s ethnic minorities has always been a difficult problem in the legal field.Although China tended to legislate separately with draft legislation drafted for public consultation many years ago,there are still many disputes because of the complexity and diversification of the multi-ethnic cultural inheritance.The paper,taking the current copyright legislation as the research starting point,reviews large quantities of existing laws relating to intellectual property and field surveys to analyze the present situation of the ethnic cultural heritage in Lijiang City,Yunnan Province.Taking into consideration the real situation of the ethnic cultural tourism,the paper puts forward the copyright protection mechanism concerning the commercial use by separating'use registration'and'ownership registration'.It proposes that copyright protection,protection principles,the scope of protection,the main(guest)body approval and license key mechanisms should be involved.It can use the market economic means to establish a sustainable way of feeding back for the cultural inheritance of ethnic minorities,and can improve the efficiency of the original ecological protection of ethinic cultures at the same time.