1Anonymous. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure:Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure ( MERIT - HF). Lancet, 1999, 353 (9169): 2001.
2Baran D, Horn EM, Hryniewicz K, et al. Effects of beta - blockers on neurohormonal activation in patients with congestive heart failure. Drugs, 2000,60(5): 997.
4Suwa M, Ito T, Otake Y, et al. Comparison of the therapeutic effects of the beta- blocking agent bisoprolol and the calciumblocking agent diltiazem in patients with heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Jpn Circ J,1996, 60(10): 767.
5Domanski MJ, BEST Investigators. Beta - blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2000,35(Suppl A):202.
6Breithaupt - Grogler K, Ungethum W, Meurer - Witt B, et al.Pharmacokinetic and dynamic interactions of the angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril with hydrochlorothiazide, bisoprolol and nilvadipine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2001,57(4): 275.
7Cheng J, Kamiya K, Kodama I. Carvedilol: molecular and cellular basis for its multifaceted therapeutic potential. Cardiovasc Drug Rev, 2001,19(2): 152.
8Olsen SL, Gilbert EM, Renlund DG, et al. Carvedilol improves left ventricular function and symptoms in chronic heart failure: a double- blind randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1995, 25(6): 1225.
9Krum H, Sackner - Bernstein JD, Goldsmith RL,et al. Double -blind, placebo - controlled study of the long - term efficacy of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Circulation, 1995, 92(6): 1499.
10Yoshikawa T, Handa S, Akaishi M, et al. Effect of a new beta -blocker, nipradilol, on cardiac function and neurohumoral factors in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Jpn Circ J 1996, 60 (5):285.
2BAIG MK, MAHON N, MCKENNA W, et al. The pathophysiology of advanced heart failure. Am Heart J, 1998, 135 (6, part2): 216 -230.
3XIE J, DUNN A, TSIKOURIS P, et al. A placebo controlled evaluation of the antifibrillatory effects of carvedilol. Electroncardiol, 2001,34(1):25-30.
4Feuerstein GZ. BrilA, Ruffolo RR. Prolective effects of carvedilol in the myocardium. Am J cardiol,1997,80:41-45.
5Lechat P, Packre M, Chalon S, et al. Clinical effects of beta adrenergic blockade in chronic heart failure: a meta analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials[J ]. Circulation, 1998,98 : 1184-1191.
6Bristow MR. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heartfailure[J]. Circulation, 2000,101: 558-569.
7Sanderson J E, Chan SK, Yip G, et al. Beta-blockade in heart failure: a comparison of carvedilol with metoprolol[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 1999, 34:1522-1528.
8Rossig L, Haendeler J, Mallat Z, et al. Congestive heart failure induces endothelial cell apoptosis, protective role of carvedilol [J] . J Am Coll Cardiol , 2000, 36:2081-2089.
9Garluch CD, Zhang H,M usgge A, et al. Beta-blockers reduce the release and synthesis of endo thelin-1 in human endo thelial cell[J]. J Clin Invest, 1999, 29: 12-16.
10Xie J,Dunn A , Tsikouris J P , et al . A placebo controlled evaluation of the antifibrillatory effects of carvedilol [J] . J Electroncardiol, 2001,34:25-30.
