不同叶轮结构型式对污水泵性能的影响

Influence of different impeller structures on performance of sewage pump

污水泵属于无堵塞泵中的一类 ,主要用于输送含有纤维、纸屑、颗粒等固体悬浮物的液体 ,在环保、市政、水利、污水处理等行业应用十分广泛。污水泵要实现无堵塞性能 ,关键在于叶轮的结构型式。该文简要分析了目前常用的污水泵叶轮的主要结构型式、优缺点 ,重点探讨了闭式叶片式叶轮与流道式叶轮的特点 ,并对它们的水力设计及叶轮的主要几何参数进行了比较 ,试验结果表明流道式叶轮具有较陡降的 H -Q曲线 ,较平坦的 P-Q曲线 ,η-Q曲线的峰值较高 ,高效区较宽。另外流道式叶轮还具有抗缠绕、无堵塞性能好 ,通过能力强 ,料浆的输送浓度高 ,运行可靠等优点 ,所以采用流道式叶轮代替通常污水泵设计中所用的闭式叶片式叶轮是一种发展趋势 ,具有较好的推广应用价值。

The sewage pump is a type of un logged pump, being applied mainly in the transportation of fluid, including suspending solid substances such as fibre, wastepaper, and grains. It is used extensively in environmental protection, civic works, irrigation works, and the disposal of sewage and industrial waste. To realize the un logged capability of sewage pumps, the key importance lies in the model of impeller con. This paper briefly analyzes common models of impeller structures presently used in sewage pumps and their advantages and disadvantages, probing into the features of both enclosed blade impeller and channel impeller and comparing their hydraulic design and their primary geometrical parameters. Experimental results show the following features of the channel pump: a steeper H Q curve, a more planar P Q curve, a higher peak value in the η Q curve and a wider region with high performance. Addtionally, the channel impeller has the advantages of anti twistability, un logged, un obstructed, transporting the high concentration fluid medium and running reliably. Therefore, it is a growing trend that the channel impeller substitutes the common enclosed blade impeller, which is usually applied in the design of the sewage pump and is reference to popular practice.