常规科研设备管理和科研资金分配体制的制度创新研究

A Research on Regime Canges of the Regular R&D Equipment Management and R&D Fund Allocation

本文应用现代交易成本理论的思想,从提高科研效率的角度探讨了常规科研设备管理和科研资金分配体制的制度创新问题。我们认为,我国一些科研机构的常规科研设备管理体制应该从现行的以科室为管理主体,管理人和使用人同一的管理体制,逐步过度到由基础研究中心统一负责设备的管理、维护和服务,并向各科室按照所提供服务的类型和标准进行收费,管理人和使用人分离的设备管理体制;科研资金分配模式相应从科研资金管理部门主导的项目审批,转变为基础研究中心主导的设备引进和实验室建设。我国科技竞争力的提高,不仅有赖于科研投入的增长和把企业培育为科技创新的主体,而且要依靠从内部管理体制的完善来实现交易成本的降低和科研效率的改善。

This paper applied the modern theory of transaction cost to discuss the re gime changes in the regular R&D equipment management and the R &D fu nd allocation in a view to improve R&D efficiency.The present man-agement regime on regular R&D equipm ent at some R&D institutes in China sh ould be changed gradually.The present situation is that the equipm ent is managed according to differen t departments and the researchers who use it also take charge to manage it.The pap er recommends that a Basic R&D Center(BRDC)would take charge of managing and maintaining the equipm ent as well as providing services whi le researchers at different departm ents would pay BRDC for its service accord ing to the type and standard of the service.At the same time the regime of R&D fund allocation should also be ch anged from the mechanism in which R&D fund management authority dom-inates program approval to a new mech anism in which BRDC has final say in th e introduction of equipments and the building of laboratories.The enhan cement of the competition capability of R&D in China not only would accoun t on increasing R&D investment and makin g enterprises the principal player i n R&D innovations but also would depend on the optimization of the internal management regime by reducing the tra nsaction costs and improving the R&D efficiency.