感应与心物——王阳明“心外无物”思想的生存论分析

Mental Interaction vs. Mind and Things——An Analysis of Wang Yang-ming's “Nothing outside the Mind” in Terms of Existentialism

阳明的“心外无物”不是一个认识论命题。大体说来 ,阳明论心物有三个层次 :一是“意之所在即是物” ,建立心物循环论 ,把心物相对而立的自然观点悬置 ;二是“物即事也” ,强调行为工夫 ,消心物于不“积”之实行 ;三是“感应之几” ,揭示人本己的生存结构 ,最终为心物奠立生存本体论的根基。通过这三层论述 ,阳明强调的是 :人不可能于本己的生存结构之外去追问心与物、善与恶等 ,而只能以自己的生存开辟出一方世界 ,从而让它们成其自身。

Yang ming's “nothing outside the mind” is not an epistemological proposition. Generally speaking, Yang ming discussed the relationship of mind and things at three levels. First, things are what is intended to do, which establishes the circular relationship of mind and things, thus putting aside the conventional view which takes them as two opposites. Second, “things are events”,which emphasizes the efforts of performance and makes an origin for mind and things. Third, the point of affection is made known to reveal one's own existential construction, thus finally laying the foundation of existential ontology for mind and things. With this analysis of the three levels, Yang ming aims to emphasize that it is impossible for one to examine, outside the existential construction, mind and things, or good and bad. One can only set up one's own world with his own existence so as to make it his own. This existential ontology is quite different from Heidegger's fundamental ontology.