关于“软科学”与“硬科学”界定的思考

The Boundary of Soft Science and Hard Science

西方学者认为"软科学"和"硬科学"的本质区别是其发展水平不同,公众调查的结果也支持了这一观点。我国"软科学"概念经过多年发展,已经有了相对稳定的描述,主要强调的是其研究对象的复杂性、研究方法的综合性,以及研究成果的决策支持作用,这与西方学者和公众理解的"软科学"概念实质上是一致的。运用图形面积比例(FGA)方法,可以界定"软科学"和"硬科学",也可用于分支学科的硬度测量。

Western scholars considered that th e development level is the main crite ria to distinguish soft science and hard science.A public survey supports this idea.The conception of soft s cience was developed in China since 1980s and has been stabilized in emphasizing the complicated research object,synthetic research method and the su pport for decision making by research achi evement.This is similar to the understood conception of the western scholars and the public.Applying the notion of fr actional graph area(FGA)it is possible to distinguish soft sc iences from hard sciences.The same is applied to the s ub -disciplines.