高考录取不平衡不充分问题的审思

The Thinking of Problems of Imbalance and Insufficiency of Enrollment College Entrance Examination

高考的不平衡与不充分问题集中体现为高考的"考试公平"与"区域公平"的问题,这两个问题之间的矛盾首先表现为"差异原则"的公平观与"补偿原则"的公平观之间的矛盾。对同一资源的分配,很难兼顾两种公平原则,但高考本身包括一般性高等教育资源的分配、优质高等教育资源的分配与专业的分配三个方面的问题。以不同的原则处理不同的问题,能够兼顾两种公平原则的要求。具体而言,高考公平应以"为了教育状况的整体改进"为判断标准,采取一般性高等教育机会以"区域公平"为主、优质高等教育资源以"考试公平"为主、专业资源分配进一步重视"考试公平"的原则。

Problems of imbalance and insufficiency of the college entrance examination are reflected in the question of'examination fairness'and'regional fairness'in the college entrance examination. When it comes to disputes between'exam fairness'and'regional fairness',we should clarify them from two aspects:the differences of fairness notions and the questions that the college entrance examination involved. It is difficult to combine the two principles of fairness with the allocation of the same resource. However, the college entrance examination itself includes three aspects: the allocation of the general higher education resources, the allocation of high-quality education resources and the professional allocation. Different principles can be used to deal with different problems, and the two principles of fairness can be considered.With the criterion of 'for the improvement of the overall education situation', we should make use of general higher education and put focuses on fairness compensation. High-quality higher education resources can reflect the type of efficiency fairness, the principle of adequate attention on professional admissions can realize the coordination of the concept of college entrance examination justice.