美国《共同核心州立标准》政策:论争与走向

Common Core State Standards in US: Controversies and Trends

《共同核心州立标准》的核心目标是统一美国各州课程标准,缩小各州教学质量差距,让所有学生在高中毕业时都能为升学或就业做好准备。为此该标准强调国家对学生学业进行监测,推进教育资源合理配置。然而自颁布之日起,《共同核心州立标准》备受争议,支持者与反对者就其开发过程、内容、适切性、有效性、前瞻性等展开论争。批评人士认为《标准》及其举措剥夺州和学校办学自主权,应予以废除。支持者们则通过调查分析,认为《标准》促进美国基础教育发展,值得肯定。针锋相对的论争及两任总统对《标准》截然不同的态度使其发展呈现出许多的不确定性。

The Common Core State Standards have sparked controversies among educators, parents and politicians since it aims to improve the overall quality of the education system,to eliminate achievement gaps,and to ensure every students’ college and career-readiness in English language and mathematics by standardizing what’s taught in schools across the United States. The supporters and opponents debate on its development process,content,appropriateness,effectiveness and perspectiveness. The opponents argue that the Common Core State Standards deprive the states and schools of autonomy in running the schools,thus it should be abolished.While the supporters believe that the Common Core State Standards promote the development of elementary education in the United States,thus should be retained. The spirited debate among the public and Obama and Trump’s distinct attitude towards the Common Core State Standards made it face much uncertainty in the process of development.