清末民国时期中学学业考试探析——以《教育杂志》为分析文本

Middle School Academic Examinations in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China:Using the Journal of Education as the Analysis Test

过度实施学业考试这一困境在清末民国时期已有所体现。基于对《教育杂志》文本的分析,发现从清末到民国时期,中学学业考试的目的从单一走向多元;学业考试的内容与类型逐渐丰富;学业考试实施过程开始呈现科学化、规范化、客观化的特点。从清末民国中学学业考试的发展历程中,我们可以得到三点启示:一是促进考试目的的转向,从'选拔'到'发展';二是对待考试理性化,发展多元评价方法;三是保证成绩的可信度,推动考试公平公正。

The excessive implementation of academic examinations has become a huge obstacle to the improvement of education quality of middle school in China,which was also reflected in the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.Based on the analysis of the Journal of Education,it is found that from the late Qing dynasty to the Republic of China,the purpose of middle school academic examinations change from single to multiple.The content and types of academic examinations are gradually enriched.The implementation process of academic examinations begins to show characteristics of scientific,standardized and objective.From the development of middle school academic examinations in the late Qing dynasty and the republic of China,we can get three inspirations:First,promote the transformation of examination purpose,from'selection'to'development';second,treat the examination rationally and develop multiple assessment methods;third,ensure the credibility of the results and promote the fairness and justice of the examination.