抗战时期大学统一招考制度的演进与特征

The Evolution and Characteristics of the Unified College Entrance Examination System in the Period of Nanjing National Government

民国时期的大学招生形式灵活多样,以单独招考为主。单独招考因标准宽严不同,引发了一系列问题。1938年,国民政府开始在国立各院校积极推行统一招考。1941年,由于抗日战争进入相持阶段,统一招考的改革被迫中止。三年的统一招考对抗战时期高等和中等教育的发展产生了重要的作用。

In the period of the Republic of China,the forms of university enrollment were flexible and varied,with the main form of individual enrollment.A series of problems arisen from the different standards of individual entrance examination.During the reign of the Nanjing National Government,the university enrollment gradually shifted from the independent examination to the government plan and unified enrollment,in order to meet the urgent needs of specialized personnel in wartime and national construction personnel after the victory of the War of Resistance.In 1938,the National Government began to actively promote the unified enrollment in national colleges and universities.In 1941,as the war entered a stalemate stage,the reform of the unified entrance examination was suspended.The three-year unified enrollment examination played an important role in the development of higher and secondary education during the Anti-Japanese War,which also provided useful enlightenment for the reform of university enrollment system after that.