近三年来锰酸锂二次锂电池的研究进展

Development of Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cell Using the LiMn_2O_4 Spinel as Cathode Material in Recent 3 Years

二次锂离子电池由于比能量高和使用寿命长,已成为便携式电子产品的主要电源。总结了近三年来二次锂离子电池的研究进展。正极材料锰酸锂LiMn2O4为尖晶石晶体结构,Li+可在Mn2O4三维网络结构中嵌入-脱嵌,并完成充放电过程。锰酸锂的制备方法有高温固相反应、微波烧结法、固相配位反应法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳化法、Pechini法及其它新的合成方法等。通过掺杂其它阳离子和阴离子,特别是多种元素同时掺杂,可提高正极材料的稳定性和可逆性。同时讨论了负极材料的制备方法;正极材料容量衰减机理及相应改善措施;电池制备工艺和其它有关研究。最后指出了今后的研究重点:电极材料的充放电性能与电极制备工艺间的关系、锂锰氧与碳负极直接组装成试验电池、开发固体电解质在二次锂电池中的应用。

Lithium-ion secondary battery becomes the main power source for the portable electronic equipments because of its high energy capacity and long-life for use. The development of lithium-ion secondary battery using lithium manganese oxide as cathode material was reviewed for recent 3 years. Firstly, the crystal structure of LiMn 2O 4 was the spinel, and the charge-discharge process can be done by Li + deintercalation in the three-dimensional frames of Mn 2O 4. Secondly, the manganese lithium oxide can be prepared by the methods of high temperature solid-state reaction, microwave sintering, solid-state coordination reaction, sol-gel method, micro-emulsion method Pechini synthesis and other new methods. The stability and reversibility can be improved by doping cation and anion, especially doping more than one element. Meanwhile, the manufacturing of negative materials was also discussed. Thirdly, several mechanisms of capacity fading as well as the improving methods were proposed. Fourthly, the correct preparation of battery and other relation were studied. In the end, it pointed out the key of research — the relation between the charge-discharge capability of electrode materials and the electrode preparation technique, the test battery composed by the lithium manganese oxide and carbon cathode, the application of the development of solid electrolyte in lithium secondary battery.