国内外CCS技术现状与中国主动应对策略

Current situation of CCS technology at home and abroad and the positive strategy that China should adopt toward it

CCS(CO2捕集与埋存)是当前国际社会积极应对气候变化活动的热门话题。由于CCS技术的经济特点,现阶段规模化实施该技术,将会对中国的经济结构转变和经济发展速度带来巨大的影响。作为发展中国家,中国要从国情出发,把CO2的捕集、埋存与大幅度提高石油采收率相结合,形成双赢的减排CO2策略,是现阶段中国推进CCS技术的最佳途径和选择。国内外近10年来的探索和实践表明,石油工业在CCS技术应用方面具有天然的优势,同时也存在巨大的挑战。基于中国产业布局和资源构成特点,中国发展CCS技术和推进其产业化应采取三步走的策略:第一,优势产业部门的技术集成与示范。利用含CO2天然气开发过程中分离出的高纯度CO2或工业乙醇制造业副产的CO2,进行CO2驱油与埋存的先导性试验与示范;第二,跨产业部门的技术集成与工业化试验与示范。针对精细化工、煤化工等部门产生的较高纯度CO2,进行CO2埋存与驱油的工业示范。第三,跨部门工业化实施。对普通燃煤电厂捕捉的CO2,进行工业化的CO2埋存与驱油。在对中国适合实施CCS技术资源初步评估的基础上,建议和规划了中国分步实施CCS技术的八大战略区域:松辽盆地、海拉尔—二连盆地、环渤海地区、鄂尔多斯盆地、新疆三大盆地、中东部地区、近海地区、晋陕地区。

CCS(CO2 Capture and Storage)is a hot topic among the international community responding to the climate change.Due to the economic characteristics of this technology,its large-scale implementation recently will have a huge impact on China's economic structure transformation and development speed.As a developing country,a win-win strategy for CO2 emission reduction coupled with enhanced oil recovery is the best way and option to promote the implementation of CCS technology in China.The last ten years of exploration and practice showed that petroleum industry had natural advantages as well as great challenges in the application spectrum of CCS technology.Based on China's industrial distribution pattern and resource structure characteristics,three-step strategy should be taken for the development and industrialization of CCS technology.First,integrate and demonstrate the dominant industrial sectors' technology.High-purity CO2 isolated from CO2-containing natural gas or CO2 by-product of industrial ethanol manufacturing shall be used in the pilot test and demonstration of CO2 flooding and storage.Technology integration and industrial test and demonstration across industry sectors is the second step.High purity CO2 produced by fine chemical and coal chemical sectors shall be used in the pilot test and demonstration of CO2 flooding and storage at this step.Industrial implementation of cross-sector is the third step,CO2 captured from Ordinary coal-fueled power plant shall be used in CO2 flooding and storage.Based on the preliminary appraisal of the feasibility of CCS technology implementation in China,eight strategic areas were suggested and planned to implement CCS technology step by step as follow,Songliao Basin,Hailar-Erlian basin,Bohai Rim Region,Ordos Basin,the three basins in Xinjiang,the middle-east region,offshore areas,and Shanxi-Shaanxi region.