论中国戏曲文学的文体特征

Stylistic Features of Chinese Dramatic Literature

中国戏曲经历了漫长的发展变化。它们在剧种、唱腔、角色、曲词等方面虽然有所演变,但中国戏曲文学具有共同的文体特征:(一)演员扮演人物,当众表演的特质,决定了戏曲文本的代言体特征;(二)戏曲以演员的语言、动作、歌舞来演述故事,因此它属于叙事体文学,即具有叙事性特征;(三)中国古代戏曲文学与西方近代戏剧不同,它一直保持并强化了诗剧(或谓剧诗)这一特点,以曲而歌使中国戏曲具有强烈的抒情性特点。代言体、叙事体和抒情性是中国戏曲文体的根本特征,它们三者的有机融合使得中国戏剧既有别于小说、诗歌,又有别于西方戏剧,特别是西方近现代戏剧。

Chinese drame has common stylistic features in spite of it's changes in genres,tunes,roles and dictions:spokesman style,narrative style and lyric style.The organic combination of the three has made chinese drama different from novel,poetry and western drama,esp,modern western drama.This paper analysizes the three stylistic features of chinese drama in detail.