论中国哲学中的“渔翁”和“樵叟”

On “Old Fisherman” and “Old Woodsman” in Chinese Philosophy

本文对出现在古代诗文中的“渔翁”和“樵叟”这一文化现象作了探索 ,认为出现这一文化现象的原因是在于文人想借“渔翁”和“樵叟”来寄托某种思想 ;而被借用的“渔翁”和“樵叟”也通过文人的笔端 ,留下了大量的充满哲理的话语和思想 ,并以这些思想来平息文人内心世界的不平和愤懑。这是与文人历来看重“渔翁”和“樵叟”的劳动场所和劳动对象———山水、鱼鸟有关。文人之所以能在“游山水 ,观鱼鸟”的过程中得出思想、精神 (理趣、心诀 ) ,是在于它是建筑在“天人相通 ,万物一体”、“天地之教”

With an exploration of the cultural phenomenon of“old fisherman”and “old woodsman”in the ancient text, the author holds that it resulted from scholars who wanted to use these terms to project a certain thought. And the words“old fisherman”and“old woodsman”used by the scholars convey plenty of adages and philosophical thoughts, which were used to soothe the complaints and discontent in the inner world of the scholars. This is connected with the tradition that the scholars thought highly of the mountains and rivers, where the old fisherman and the old woodsman worked. Finally this paper points out that the reason why the scholars could obtain ideas and spirit (Liqu and Xinjue) in the process of“traveling in the mountains and rivers, observing fish and birds” lies in the philosophical foundation that“nature and man are inter linked, all the creations are an integral whole”, and“the teachings are from gods”. In other words, it just means to obtain knowledge from nature.