中国人欣赏的领导素养:从两位封建女性谈起到对自我认知、自知处境、消弭偏见的领导能力研究（英文）

Qualities of Leadership Admired in China:From Two Imperial Concubines to Study of Leadership Attributes of Knowing Oneself,Knowing One’s Circumstances,Dispelling Obsession

做好结盟联合工作,对于一个有效的政府来说是很重要的。优秀的领导花费了大量的时间获取内外利益群体对自身的支持,这对于一个组织实现其目标而言至关重要。用中国的一个成语来说,就是集思广益。本文通过审视唐玄宗(712~756年),以探究其领导方式。本文的研究方法包括分析学术信息,解释说明唐玄宗的领导能力等。与此同时,本文还引述了梅妃、林黛玉、屈原和贾谊的例子。领导者在征询意见时,要有人可询。和身份地位与自己相似的人成为朋友对于领导者而言也很重要。专业的人际网络交流强调一个领导者解决问题的能力和知晓世情的能力。同时,本文还回顾了美国关于领导能力的作品,以便从美国作家的衡量标准来分析中国历史上的这些人物。领导者和追随者的关系就像朋友一样,领导者关照追随者,追随者则对领导者报以善意。如果领导者和追随者关系融洽,则彼此互惠。《易经》中写道:'二人同心,其利断金。'

An important characteristic of effective administration is successful coalition management. Effective presidents spend a great deal of time nurturing the support of internal and external interest groups vital to the success of the organization’s goals. A Chinese idiom states, 'Draw on the collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas. Pool the wisdom of the masses.'This article examines Xuan-zong(r. 712-756), a Chinese emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and looks at available information on his leadership style. Its methodology involves analyzing scholarly information and writing short interpretive accounts of this person’s leadership abilities. Additional examples are given of Concubine Plum, Black Jade, Qu Yuan and Jia Yi. Leaders need to know whom to call when they need advice. It is critical that a leader build friendship with others in similar position. Professional networking strengthens a leader’ s ability to solve problems and keep informed on current issues. At the same time, the methodology used involves examining contemporary American writings on leadership in order that the famous Chinese people from history can be analyzed in the light of criteria set forth by American writers. The relationship of leader and follower is similar to that of close friends. The leader cares for, and is concerned about his subordinates;the follower repays the supervisor’s kindness. In a harmonious relationship, both sides benefit. The Book of Changes(Yi-Ching) says, 'When two persons are of one mind,their strength is sufficient, even to cut metal. '