天堂中的拉比和地狱里的领唱——论I.L.佩雷茨新哈希德小说中的共同价值和犹太精神

The Rebbe in Heaven and the Cantor in Hell:On the Cosmopolitanism and Jewish Spirit in I. L. Peretz’s "Neo-Hasidic Stories"

19世纪末,波兰著名的意地绪语作家I.L.佩雷茨基于犹太传统民间故事写就了一系列'新哈希德小说'。他在这一系列小说中塑造了一个对于当时欧洲非犹太读者来说光怪陆离又充满异域色彩的哈希德世界,并且为这些小说注入新的内涵:与犹太传统对于宗教上虔诚信仰的看重相比,佩雷茨更在意尘世中具有共同价值的行为。本文认为,'新哈希德小说'的这两个特点与佩雷茨希望通过以在流散的犹太人中建立'犹太民族文化'的方式去反映共同价值相关,同时也是作为一名清醒知识分子的佩雷茨'为个人'的文学理想在犹太社会主义激情高涨的历史时期的一种体现。

At the end of 19th century, the famous Polish Yiddish writer I. L. Peretz wrote a series of 'Neo-Hasidic stories' based on the traditional Jewish folklore. In these stories, he creates a hasidic world which is strange and exotic through the perspective of the contemporaneous European, non-Jewish readers. Besides this, he also embeds new values to these stories: compared to the emphasis of religious piety in the traditional Jewish value, he highlights the actual activities which reflect the universal value. This article argues that these two features of Peretz’s 'Neo-Hasidic stories' are related to Peretz’s hope of presenting universal value through establishing 'Jewish national culture' in the Jewish Diaspora, meanwhile they also reflect Peretz’s literary ideal of 'literature for individual’s sake' as a sober intellectual in the historical period of Jewish socialism’s zenith.