柏拉图的神义论——《理想国》376d5-383c7中苏格拉底的荷马批评研究

The Theodicy of Plato——Analysis on the Critics of Socrates towards Homer in Republic(376d5-383c7)

柏拉图在《理想国》中记叙了苏格拉底对荷马的批评,值得后世学人深思。柏拉图以诗作批评的方式维护诸神的正义,显然不同于莱布尼茨用逻各斯证明神义论的做法,理据何在?不过,后者逻各斯化神义论的做法并不成功,遭到激烈批评。柏拉图叙述苏格拉底对荷马的批评,让后世读者认识到破坏神之正义的真正凶手是人们对自然的探究欲望(哲学);同时,又借助苏格拉底对几位谈话者的引导,让我们更深入地理解了'神义'与众人灵魂的内在关系。最终我们发现,柏拉图的'神义论'叙事(诗)——苏格拉底的荷马批评,比莱布尼茨更好地维护了诸神的正义。

Plato narrates Socrates’critics on Homer in his Republic and it is worthy to consider the reasons why Plato’s poetic way of defending the justice of gods is completely different from the way of Leibniz who attempt to prove theodicy through Logos;however,the failure of Leibniz is obvious and it also suffers a lot of critics.The narration of Socrates’critics on Homer in Plato’s writing make the audiences realize that the true assailant of theodicy is the desire of inquiring nature(philosophy);meanwhile,the guidance of Socrates among interlocutors lead the readers step deeply into the recognition of relationships between the just of gods and the soul of human beings.Finally,we realize that the narrative poem-the critics of Socrates on Homer-towards the justice of gods is better for defending the justice of gods than Leibniz’s way.