哈姆雷特与窦娥

Hamlet and Dou-E:A Note on Poetics of Tragedy from Comparative Literature

把哈姆雷特与窦娥置于一起讨论,只是为了从悲剧精神的层面论证关汉卿《窦娥冤》可以被认为是严格意义上的悲剧。悲剧的要义不在于悲剧人物的悲惨结果,而在于悲剧人物的受难以及受难的时候所闪现的人性尊贵的光芒。窦娥身上彰显的种种美德,不仅是哈姆雷特以其他方式所表现的人性特征,也是亚里士多德在《诗学》中界定的悲剧主人公所具有的特点:悲剧主人公经历和忍受苦难的方式,值得我们关注和尊敬,因为它们蕴含着令人崇敬的品质。

It is only for the sake of arguing for the true character of tragedy in Injustice to Dou-E by Guan Hanqing,one of the greatest dramatists of Yuan Dynasty of ancient China,that we consider together two main dramatic characters,Hamlet and Dou-E in a strict sense of the term'tragic'.The truest meaning of tragedy does not lie in the wretched end of tragic characters,but in the splendid dignity of humanity exposed in the ordeal of suffering characters and their destiny.What is displayed in Dou’E may be similiar to the common humanity represented in other way by Hamlet.What’s more,the tragic fates of both Hamlet and Dou’E embodied some siginificant qualities of tragedy defined by Aristotle’s Poetics,which is to say that the living experiences of tragic heroes or heroines and the ways of bearing-on-suffering of theirs would deserve our concern and respect.