中国磷矿资源分布及其成矿特征研究进展

Advances of researches on the distribution and metallogenic characteristics of phosphorous deposits in China

磷矿是一种重要的不可再生资源,已被列入我国战略性矿产目录,对国民经济和人类生存具有举足轻重的作用。虽然我国磷矿资源储量丰富,但区域分布和产量极不均衡,优质磷矿石消耗严重。为此,本文简要概述了我国磷矿资源的利用现状与区域分布特征,重点总结了磷矿床的主要类型、地质成因与矿物组成等方面的最新研究进展。研究表明,我国磷矿资源储量和P2O5含量高于30%的优质富矿集中在云、贵、鄂、川、湘等南方五省。海相沉积型磷矿床是我国磷矿最主要的地质成因,其中早震旦世—早寒武世磷块岩约占磷矿总储量的80%以上。目前磷矿资源耗竭与供给危机凸显,亟需深化成矿机制的科学研究,加大资源找矿和勘探力度,进一步提高对中低品位磷矿资源的开发利用程度,以保障我国磷矿产业的可持续发展。

As an important non-renewable resource, the phosphorous deposit has been listed as a national strategic mineral resource and plays a vital role in the national economy and survival of mankind. Although phosphate mineral resources are abundant in China, but the regional distribution and production are extremely uneven, especially the high-quality phosphate ores are seriously consumed in China. Consequently, the present utilization status and regional distribution characteristics of phosphorous resources in China have been briefly elaborated in this study. As well, the latest progresses of researches on the main ore types, geological genesis and mineral composition of the phosphorous deposits have been summarized. The research shows that China’s phosphate resources and almost all of the rich ore deposits with P2O5 grade of ores higher than 30% are concentrated in five provinces including Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, and Hunan provinces in southern China. Marine sedimentary phosphorous deposit is the most important genetic type of deposits. Especially, the early Sinian and early Cambrian phosphorite ores account for over 80% of the total phosphorous resources/reserves in China. However, the crisis of depletion and the remaining supply of phosphate resources is highlighted at present. It is urgent to deepen the scientific research on the metallogenic mechanism, to intensify resource prospecting and exploration efforts, to further improve methods for the development and utilization of medium-and low-grade phosphate resources, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the phosphate industry in China.