农村养老保险、养老金待遇与最优政策组合

Rural Public Pension,Pension Benefits and Optimal Policy Combination

采用OLG模型考察了农村养老保险个人缴费率、集体补助率、地方政府补贴率、基础养老金率和人口增长率对资本积累、人均消费和养老金的影响,并寻求政策变量最优组合。研究发现,提高个人缴费率会增加养老金;提高集体补助率、地方政府补贴率以及人口增长率下降都会增加资本劳动比、人均消费和养老金;提高基础养老金率会降低资本劳动比和人均消费而增加养老金。同时,最优的地方政府和集体补贴率随最优基础养老金率同方向变动。若最优基础养老金率不变,则人口增长率小幅变动会引起最优地方政府和集体补贴率大幅反向变动。根据影响方向和力度,应提高个人缴费率和集体补助率,调整财政支出结构以维持现有基础养老金率、相应提高地方政府补贴率,控制人口增长率。

This paper examines the effects of the individual contribution rate,village subsidy rate,local government allowance rate,basic pension benefit rate in the new-type rural old-age insurance and the population growth rate on the capital-labor ratio,per capita consumption and pension benefits by employing an overlapping-generations model,and explores the optimal policy combination. Raising the individual contribution rate only increases the per capita pension benefits. Rises in the village subsidy rate and local government allowance rate will increase the capitallabor ratio,per capita consumption and pension benefits. Reducing the population growth rate will increase the capital-labor ratio,per capita consumption and pension benefits. Raising the basic pension benefit rate will decrease the capital-labor ratio and per capita consumption,while increase the pension benefits. It is better to raise the individual contribution rate and village subsidy rate,maintain the present basic pension benefit rate and accordingly raise the local government allowance rate by adjusting fiscal expenditures,and control the population growth rate.