保护红线的基建占用湿地管理创新

Innovation in Management of Wetlands Requisition for Infrastructure for Red Line Protection

建立占补平衡、先补后占的湿票制度,解决基建占用湿地问题。湿地红线涉及面积、生态量与结构的占补平衡。结构占补平衡包括流域、位置、功能、效益的一致性。湿票制度由湿地管理部门主导,使罚款发挥最大效益。湿票的净生态价值很大,是所减少的生态量损失的价值,与罚款的生态价值的差值。罚款的较低生态价值凸显了湿票的价值。试点有区别的占少补多战略;建立生态补偿基金,重视补偿湿地的生态培育。生态收益高于制度成本,使湿地管理部门有动力建立湿票制度。将非法占用或非法减少的湿地的基建主体纳入占补平衡制度;用5 a时间,将合法减少的湿地的基建主体纳入占补平衡。强化湿地领域的专家在占、补湿地功能、效益匹配中的地位。

Establishing the wetland ticket system of requisition-compensation balance and compensation before requisition can solve the problem of wetlands requisition for infrastructure. The red line of wetlands involves requisition-compensation balance on area, ecological quantity and ecological structure. The structural requisition-compensation balance refers to the accordance of drainage basin, location, function and benefit.The wetland ticket system should be dominated by wetlands authorities, which can maximize the benefit of penalty. Wetland ticket has a great net ecological value, which is the difference between the lost value caused by the reduced ecological quantity and the improved ecological value due to penalty. The value of wetland ticket can be highlighted by a lower ecological value caused by the penalty. To make experiments of more compensation than requisition strategy, establish ecological compensation fund and pay attention to the ecological cultivation of compensated wetlands. The higher ecological benefit than system cost can give the wetland authorities motive force to build the wetland ticket system. Urge the infrastructure organizations that illegally requisitions or reduces wetlands to comply with the requisition-compensation balance rules. Urge those infrastructure organizations that legally reduce wetlands to comply with the rules within five years. Strengthen the wetlands experts' status in matching requisition and compensation of wetland function and benefit.