2013年松花江与嫩江交汇段洪水遥感监测

Flood Monitoring on the Confluence of Nenjiang River and Songhua River in 2013 by Multi-source,Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Imagery

2013年夏季,东北地区降雨频繁,松花江、嫩江、黑龙江等江河水位暴涨,遭遇继1998年以来最为严重洪水灾害。应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用中国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(简称HJ-1卫星)和Landsat 8卫星影像(HJ-1卫星影像可以弥补Landsat 8卫星重访周期较长、在洪水发生期间可用影像较少的缺陷),对松花江和嫩江交汇段水情进行实时监测,构建洪水监测遥感影像集;利用两种影像确定不同时相的洪水淹没范围,掌握洪水发展的过程,对淹没区的灾情进行快速评估。遥感监测结果表明,2013年6月17日至7月26日,洪水主要使主河道展宽,镇赉县局部河漫滩和低洼地被洪水淹没;7月26日至8月20日,洪水主要淹没了河漫滩和低洼地;8月20至9月8日,河流总体变化不大。截至9月8日,松花江、嫩江交汇段淹没面积为1 170.2 km2,其中吉林省境内的淹没面积为622.58 km2,黑龙江省境内的淹没面积为547.62 km2;淹没的土地覆盖类型以耕地和沼泽为主,其淹没面积分别为759.58 km2和348.25 km2,两者面积共占总淹没面积的94.67%;居住地淹没较为严重的为杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县和肇源县,两县淹没面积分别为0.43 km2和0.30 km2,其中,杜尔伯特他拉哈镇安平村、肇源县四合村受洪灾较重。

In the summer of 2013, frequent rainfall happened in Northeast China, which made the Nenjiang and Songhua River swelled and the most serious flood disaster since 1998 occurred. Based on remote sensing(RS) and geographic information systems(GIS), this paper selected multi-temporal HJ-1 imagery which can make up the shortage of Landsat 8 for obtaining more imagery during flooding and used these two kinds of imagery to establish remote sensing images for flood monitoring, to obtain the inundated areas of different phases quickly, and to understand the process of this flood disaster. The results indicated that, from June 17 to July26 of 2013, the flood submerged region mainly occurred along the river channel, and some flood plain and low-lying regions in Zhenlai County were submerged. From July 26 to August 20, more flood plain and low-lying regions were submerged. From August 20 to September 8, the rise and fall of floodwater was stable,up to September 8, the confluence of Nenjiang River and Songhua River inundated areas of 1 170.2 km2,among which Jilin Province had 622.58 km2, the rest area belonged to Heilongjiang Province. The land cover types of submerged region mainly contained farmlands and wetlands, their inundated areas were 759.58 km2 and 348.25 km2, respectively, and their sum occupied 94.67% of all the submerged area. In addition, some villages in the Duerbote Mongolian Autonomous County and Zhaoyuan County were damaged seriously, such as Anping village and Sihe village.