黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态系统服务模拟及评估

The Simulation and Assessment of the Ecosystem Services in the Coastal Wetlands of the Yellow River Delta based on InVEST Model

黄河三角洲滨海湿地是中国暖温带最完整、最广阔、最年轻的湿地生态系统,但随着油田开发、港口建设、养殖、盐田和农业开发等围填海活动的加剧,该地区的生态环境发生明显变化。在生态系统服务和交易的综合评估模型(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs,In VEST)的Carbon模块和Biodiversity模块平台上,以丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)和黑嘴鸥(Larus saundersi)为主要保护物种,利用2000年和2012年两期土地利用和土壤碳库等数据,进行黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态系统服务模拟评估。结果显示,研究区的碳储量由2000年的3 167 830.0 Mg减少到2012年的3 077 100.0 Mg,减少了2.86%;丹顶鹤和黑嘴鸥的生境退化区主要集中在孤东油田和港口;湿地保护区和黄河故道区的生境质量较高,其他区域基本不适合丹顶鹤和黑嘴鸥生存。根据土地利用转移矩阵分析结果显示,2000~2012年期间,围填海活动占用湿地面积最多的土地利用类型是水产养殖塘和油田,港口和盐田的面积增幅最大。

The costal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta is the most integral, broadest and youngest wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone of China. However, as the reclamation activities developed, including oilfield, habor, fish pond, saltpan, dikedam and agriculture, the ecological environment changed significantly.The ecosystem services of the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta were assessed by In VEST model(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs). Then the carbon storage and biodiversity models were selected and the Saunders' Gull(Larus saundersi) and the Red-crowned Crane(Grus Japonensis) were focus species. Using Arc GIS technology, the land cover data and carbon pool tables in 2000 and 2012 were input etc., and the results of model output were that the carbon storage decreased by 2.86% from 3 167 830.0Mg in 2000 to 3 077 100.0 Mg in 2012; and the habitat degradation mostly happened in the Gudong oilfield and the Dongying harbor; and the habitat quality was better in the wetlands in the reserve and the old course of yellow river, but most of other areas were not suitable for the Saunders' Gull and the Red-crowned Crane.Then the land cover transition matrix from 2000 to 2012 showed that fish ponds and oilfields were mostly occupied the wetlands among the reclamation activities and the maximum growth rate of areas occurred in the harbors and saltpans.