张北黄盖淖国家湿地公园水鸟多样性

Diversity of Waterbirds in Huanggai Nur National Wetland Park in Zhangbei

于2017年4月～2018年3月,采用定点观察法和直接计数法,对河北张北黄盖淖国家湿地公园中的水鸟开展了调查,共记录到水鸟54种,隶属6目12科;其中,以鸻形目水鸟的物种数量最多,雁形目水鸟的个体数量最多;有国家一级重点保护鸟类1种,国家二级重点保护鸟类6种;有旅鸟41种(占该公园水鸟总物种数量的75.93%),夏候鸟13种(占24.07%);在水鸟区系组成方面,有古北界水鸟34种(占该公园水鸟总物种数量的62.96%)、广布种19种(占35.19%)和东洋界1种(占1.85%)。该湿地公园中水鸟群落的物种和个体数量有明显的季节变化,在春、秋迁徙季,水鸟群落物种和个体数量较多,水鸟多样性也相对较高;冬季,湖面冰封,未发现水鸟;夏季,水鸟群落的物种和个体数量最少,水鸟群落的Pielou均匀度指数最大。

From April 2017 to March 2018,the fixed-point observation and direct counting methods were used to investigate the diversity of waterbirds in the Huanggai Nur National Wetland Park in Zhangbei.There were54 species of waterbirds,belonging to 6 orders and 12 families.The number of species from Charadriiformes waterbirds was the largest.The number of individuals belonging to Anseriformes waterbirds was the largest.Among the species,1 species of waterbirds was national first-grade protected species in China,and 6 species were second-grade.The 41 species(75.93%)were passengers,13 species(24.07%)were summer birds.The floristic composition included 28 species(58.33%)of Palaearctic realm,19 species(39.58%)of widespread species(39.58%)and 1 species(2.08%)of Oriental realm.The seasonal variation of waterbirds in the wetland park was obvious.The species and quantity of waterbirds were more abundant in spring and autumn,and the diversity of waterbirds was relatively higher.In winter,the lake was frozen,the waterbirds were not found.The species and quantity of waterbirds were the least in summer,and Pielou evenness index of waterbirds was the highest.