种植4种植物的模拟人工湿地对污水中4种重金属的去除效果

Removal Efficiency of 4 Kinds of Heavy Metals in Wastewater by Simulated Constructed Wetlands Planting 4 Kinds of Plants

利用黑龙江三江国家级自然保护区中4种常见植物——臌囊薹草(Carex schmidtii)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、水葱(Scirpus validus)和香蒲(Typha orientalis),构建模拟人工湿地,研究种植了4种植物的人工湿地对当地稻田废水和被污染河水中Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn的去除效果。研究结果表明,在28 d的实验期内,随着实验时间推移,两种污水中的Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn含量都在减小,延长污水在人工湿地中的停留时间,Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的累积去除率持续增大;实验结束后,种植了4种植物的人工湿地对稻田废水中Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn的平均累积去除率分别为89.56%、55.15%、12.57%和68.17%,对被污染河水中Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn的平均累积去除率分别为86.62%、54.50%、2.74%和44.21%。对稻田废水中的4种重金属,种植臌囊薹草的人工湿地对Cr的去除率(95.45%)最大,种植芦苇的人工湿地对Pb和Cu的去除率(Pb:67.75%;Cu:15.81%)最大,种植水葱的人工湿地对Zn的去除率(75.86%)最大;对被污染河水中的4种重金属,种植芦苇的人工湿地对Cr的去除率(95.48%)最大,种植水葱的人工湿地对Pb的去除率(69.49%)最大,种植香蒲的人工湿地对Cu的去除率(3.46%)最大,种植臌囊薹草的人工湿地对Zn的去除率(64.98%)最大。

In order to study the removal efficiency of Cr,Pb,Cu,and Zn in paddy wastewater and polluted river water,Carex schmidtii,Phragmites australis,Scirpus validus,and Typha orientalis,which were common plants in Heilongjiang Sanjiang National Nature Reserve were selected to set up constructed wetlands.The results showed that the contents of Cr,Pb,Cu,and Zn in two kinds of wastewater decreased over the 28 days experiment.Extending residential time of the wastewater in the constructed wetlands,cumulative removal rates of Cr,Pb,Cu,and Zn increased continuously.At the end of the experiment,the cumulative removal rates of Cr,Pb,Cu,and Zn in paddy wastewater were 89.56%,55.15%,12.57%,and 68.17%,whereas the cumulative removal rates of Cr,Pb,Cu,and Zn in polluted river water were 86.62%,54.50%,2.74%,and 44.21%,respectively.For the 4 kinds of heavy metals in paddy wastewater,the removal rate of Cr was the highest(95.45%)by the constructed wetlands planting Carex schmidtii,whereas the removal rates of Pb and Cu were the highest(Pb:67.75%;Cu:15.81%)by the constructed wetlands planting Phragmites australis,and the removal rate of Zn was the highest(75.86%)by the constructed wetlands planting Scirpus validus.For the 4 kinds of heavy metals in polluted river water,the removal rate of Cr was the highest(95.48%)by the constructed wetlands planting Phragmites australis,whereas the removal rate of Pb was the highest(69.49%)by the constructed wetlands planting Scirpus validus,the removal rate of Cu was the highest(3.46%)by the constructed wetlands planting Typha orientalis,the removal rate of Zn was the highest(64.98%)by the constructed wetlands planting Carex schmidtii.