清末化学东渐过程中的三城鼎立 以最早的几本化学译著为中心

Roles of the Three Cities in Chemistry Learning Spreading from West to East in Late Qing Dynasty Focus on the several earliest chemical translations

三城为清末时期的广州、上海、北京。在西学东渐过程中,化学学科虽迟于天文、数学、物理等较早成型的学科,但却因此具备"后发"优势,一开始便在广州、上海、北京三大城市同时展开;广州博济医局、江南制造局、京师同文馆等数家单位相继翻译出版化学专门著作,一时出现三城鼎立的学术盛况。通过简要还原这一盛况,并梳理后世学者在几本译著上所做考证之得失,如元素名称译法发明权、底本背景、原著者身份等方面,再现了其间的几个戏剧化情节。

Although Chemistry spread from West to China much later than Astronomy,Mathematics and Physics,it derived an advantage to spread in Guangzhou,Shanghai and Beijing at the same time.A triangle was formed by Canton hospital,Kiangna Arsenal in Shanghai and School of Combined Learning in Beijin,they translated and published chemistry academic works one after another.Besides this,this paper also teases out the textual research of master copy’s background and authorship that other scholars have done,and reappears some dramatic stories.