梅自强的时代与际遇 从20世纪五六十年代的高产梳棉机研制看技术革新与国家政治之关系

Mei Ziqiang’s time and opportunity Visions of relation between technology and politics through the lens of technological innovation of high-production carding machine in 1950s and 1960s

梅自强是我国现代纺织技术专家,中国工程院院士,20世纪50年代末起,参与、主持国产高产梳棉机研制,并取得成功,在遭受西方世界技术封锁的条件下,实现了对当时国际先进技术水平的追赶。梅自强的经历折射出1949年以后的政治经济体制为技术专家提供的机遇和挑战。尽管梅自强最初选择纺织专业的动机并非服务于国家,但从他在1952年后被选派赴苏联留学开始,其专业技术工作不可避免地被纳入了国家规划。高产梳棉机的研制工作是在'大跃进'的政治风暴中开始的,在'文化大革命'开始后不久取得成功,在这一过程中,技术专家和国家政策在微妙的平衡中实现了各自的目标。

Mei Ziqing,a Chinese technologist on the textile engineering,who participated in and led the technological innovation of Chinese-made highproduction carding machine from the end of 1950 s,and got achievement in 1960 s,was elected as the Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.Mei’s career is a good sample to discuss the chances and challenges to technologists provided by the system of politics and economy after 1949.Though Mei did not think about the nation’s need when he chose the major of textile,his technical work was included into the new national planning inevitably,especially when he was elected to study in Soviet Union in 1952.The technical innovation of highproduction carding machine started during the Great Leap Forward and achieved success after the Great Cultural Revolution started,in this process,technical and political goals have both achieved in a subtle balance.