科技创新能力测度结果的指标选取差异性研究

The Indicator-Based Difference Research of Measurement Results of Science and Technology Innovative Capacity

科技创新能力已成为世界各国关注的焦点,测度和监测结果已成为支撑政府科技创新政策的重要依据。然而,由于现有测度指标体系在指标构成上尚存在较大差异,使得科技创新能力真实的国际相对水平一直备受争议,干扰了其评价结果在支撑政府科技创新政策中的有效作用。采用指标对比研究,在通过典型科技创新基础指标客观揭示中国科技创新能力真实国际相对水平的基础上,系统揭示规模性指标和相对性指标对科技创新能力评价产生的差异性影响,试图说明指标类型的不同会对一国科技创新能力水平的评估存在较大影响。对科技创新能力测度的主要启示:在对科技创新能力进行国家比较时,需要认识到国家经济体量、人口规模和(产业)发展阶段等国家基本特征要素的差异性;可综合考虑规模性指标和相对性指标,不但可从科技创新实力和水平两个角度全面反映一国的科技创新能力,同时可避免国家基本的规模和结构特征的影响;但如何权衡规模性指标和相对性指标的组成和比例,还有待从方法和理论角度深入研究。

The S&T innovation capability has increasingly attracted attention around the world.In this situation,the measurement and monitoring results of science and technology(S&T)innovative capability are deem as an important basis for the promulgation of the S&T innovation policies.However,in terms of the indicators used in the existing S&T measurement systems,they are sharply different from one another.As a result,there have been debates on China’s relative competitiveness in the global S&T field,which weakens the role that it plays in the research of government S&T innovation policy.This paper employs the typical indexes of S&T innovation to make the comparative study to reveal the international relative level of China’s S&T innovation capability.In particular,we can get different evaluation results by employing the scale and ratio indexes,respectively,indicating the application of different types of indexes leads to different evaluation results regarding a country’s S&T innovation capability.The major inspirations we can get from this paper are showed as follows:Since the economic scale,population and development stage are the important factors influencing the evaluation results,the scale and relative indexes should be simultaneously introduced for the international comparison of the countries’S&T innovation capability.In this way,we not only comprehensively assess a country’s S&T innovation capability from both perspectives of the absolute strength and the relative level,but also avoid being influenced by the scale and structure characteristics of a particular country.Moreover,how to choose and weight the scale and ratio indexes is needed to be further studied from the perspective of method and theory.In sum,this paper sheds some light for future studies regarding the creation of index system for the international comparison of the countries’S&T innovation capability as well as helps to accurately positioning a country in the global S&T filed.