4ZIMMERMAN B J. Becoming a self -regulated learner[ J]. Contempo- rary Educational Psychology, 1986,11 (4 : 307 - 313.
5Deci, E. L. , Ryan, R. M. , &Williams, G. C.. Need satisfy act ion and the self - regulation of learning [ J ] . Learning and Individual Differences, 1996, (8) : 165 - 183.